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Manufacturing Layoffs 1999 to 2026: Autos, Aerospace, Industrials, Chips

F1GMAT Layoff Tracker

Manufacturing Layoffs 1999 to 2026: Autos, Aerospace, Industrials, Chips

Announced job cuts at the largest employers in the industry, period by period and year by year; what share of the workforce they removed; which roles, degrees and pay bands they touched; and whether business schools kept placing graduates there.

Workforce

Combined headcount of the tracked employers: 4,093,393

Latest headcount of each tracked employer
CompanyLatest headcountAs of
Volkswagen662,9422025
Bosch406,2252026
Siemens318,000FY2025
Stellantis258,6682025
Boeing182,0002025
RTX180,0002025
Ford169,0002025
Apple166,000FY2025
Airbus165,2942025
Lear164,3002025
Mercedes-Benz Group164,1202025
Saint-Gobain162,0002025
Schneider Electric159,8442025
Magna156,0002025
General Motors156,0002025
Flex150,000FY2026
Jabil135,000FY2025
Lockheed Martin123,0002025
Caterpillar118,0002025
Dell97,000FY2026
Period totals

Announced cuts at the ten hardest-hit companies in each period

Announced cuts at the ten hardest-hit companies in each period
PeriodTop-10 totalPer yearLargest
1999–2001121,20040,428Mercedes-Benz Group, 26,000
2002–2007204,40034,090Ford, 60,000
2008–200991,35045,706Caterpillar, 19,500
2010–2018161,44417,945Siemens, 33,500
2019–Oct 2022132,30034,542Continental, 20,000
Nov 2022–202348,45041,634Nokia, 14,000
2024–present216,25078,207Volkswagen, 100,000
1999–2001: top 10
  1. Mercedes-Benz Group: 26,000
  2. Boeing: 20,000
  3. ABB: 12,000
  4. Delphi: 11,500
  5. Ericsson: 11,000
  6. Lucent Technologies: 10,000
  7. Alcatel: 10,000
  8. Michelin: 7,500
  9. Goodyear: 7,200
  10. Stellantis: 6,000
2002–2007: top 10
  1. Ford: 60,000
  2. General Motors: 44,500
  3. Volkswagen: 25,000
  4. Mercedes-Benz Group: 21,000
  5. Hewlett-Packard: 15,000
  6. Intel: 10,500
  7. Airbus: 10,000
  8. Lucent Technologies: 10,000
  9. Delphi: 6,100
  10. Siemens: 2,300
2008–2009: top 10
  1. Caterpillar: 19,500
  2. Siemens: 16,750
  3. Alcoa: 13,500
  4. RTX: 11,600
  5. General Motors: 10,000
  6. Ericsson: 5,000
  7. Boeing: 4,500
  8. Motorola: 4,000
  9. Corning: 3,500
  10. Jabil: 3,000
2010–2018: top 10
  1. Siemens: 33,500
  2. Volkswagen: 30,000
  3. Hewlett-Packard: 27,000
  4. Nokia: 20,000
  5. Intel: 12,000
  6. General Motors: 11,204
  7. Alcatel-Lucent: 10,000
  8. Stellantis: 8,000
  9. Ford: 5,740
  10. Lockheed Martin: 4,000
2019–Oct 2022: top 10
  1. Continental: 20,000
  2. Boeing: 16,000
  3. Mercedes-Benz Group: 15,000
  4. Airbus: 15,000
  5. RTX: 15,000
  6. Nissan: 12,500
  7. Thyssenkrupp: 12,000
  8. Renault: 10,000
  9. Rolls-Royce: 9,000
  10. Siemens Energy: 7,800
Nov 2022–2023: top 10
  1. Nokia: 14,000
  2. Ericsson: 8,500
  3. 3M: 8,500
  4. Dell: 6,650
  5. HP: 4,000
  6. Ford: 3,800
  7. Bosch: 1,500
  8. Alstom: 1,500
2024–present: top 10
  1. Volkswagen: 100,000
  2. Bosch: 22,000
  3. Nissan: 20,000
  4. Boeing: 17,000
  5. ZF Friedrichshafen: 11,000
  6. Thyssenkrupp: 11,000
  7. Forvia: 10,000
  8. Porsche: 9,000
  9. Continental: 8,750
  10. Audi: 7,500
11 · Sources

References

Manufacturers headquartered in the US, Canada or Europe, in four segments: autos and auto parts, aerospace and defence, industrials and machinery, and computer hardware and semiconductors. Pharmaceutical and medical-device makers are in the healthcare tracker and are not repeated here.

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  12. Stock Analysis: Stellantis employees, 2009 to 2022 (Fiat and FCA before 2021). stockanalysis.com/stocks/stla/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  13. Boeing Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 182,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000162828026004357/ba-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  14. Stock Analysis: Boeing employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/ba/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  15. RTX Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 180,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/101829/000010182926000006/rtx-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  16. Stock Analysis: RTX employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings (United Technologies before 2020). stockanalysis.com/stocks/rtx/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  17. Ford Form 10-K 2025 (about 169,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/37996/000003799626000015/f-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  18. Stock Analysis: Ford employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/f/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  19. Apple Form 10-K, fiscal 2025 (approximately 166,000 full-time equivalent employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000032019325000079/aapl-20250927.htm(opens in a new tab)
  20. Stock Analysis: Apple employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/aapl/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  21. Airbus full-year 2025 results (165,294 employees; 2024: 156,921). webdisclosure.com/press-release/airbus-group-nv-epa-air-eqs-adhoc-airbus-se-airbus-reports-full-year-fy-2025-results-KNJP9aiMITe(opens in a new tab)
  22. EADS and Airbus annual reports and registration documents, 2000 to 2021. www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2022-04/Airbus%20SE%20Universal%20Registration%20Document%202021.pdf(opens in a new tab)
  23. Stock Analysis: Airbus employees for 2022 and 2023 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/EADSY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  24. Lear Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 164,300 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/842162/000084216226000011/lear-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  25. Stock Analysis: Lear employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/lea/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  26. Daimler and Mercedes-Benz Group annual reports, key figures tables, 1999 to 2024. ddd.uab.cat/record/146252(opens in a new tab)
  27. Stock Analysis: Mercedes-Benz Group employees, 2021 to 2025 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/MBGYY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  28. Saint-Gobain in figures (more than 162,000 employees). saint-gobain.com/en/finance/saint-gobain-figures(opens in a new tab)
  29. Stock Analysis: Saint-Gobain employees, 2020 to 2024 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/CODYY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  30. Stock Analysis: Schneider Electric employees, 2021 to 2025 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/SBGSY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  31. Magna International annual information form, fiscal 2025 (approximately 156,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/749098/000119312526128771/d20215dex991.htm(opens in a new tab)
  32. Stock Analysis: Magna employees, 2002 to 2022, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/mga/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  33. General Motors Form 10-K 2025 (about 88,000 hourly and 68,000 salaried employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000146785826000013/gm-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  34. Stock Analysis: General Motors employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/gm/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  35. CNN Money: GM completes the Delphi spin-off (May 1999). money.cnn.com/1999/05/31/companies/gm/(opens in a new tab)
  36. Flex Form 10-K, fiscal 2026 (approximately 150,000 employees including contractors). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/866374/000086637426000012/flex-20260331.htm(opens in a new tab)
  37. Stock Analysis: Flex employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/flex/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  38. Jabil Form 10-K, fiscal 2025 (135,000 employees including temporary and contingent staff). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/898293/000162828025045293/jbl-20250831.htm(opens in a new tab)
  39. Stock Analysis: Jabil employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/jbl/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  40. Lockheed Martin Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 123,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/936468/000162828026004195/lmt-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  41. Stock Analysis: Lockheed Martin employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/lmt/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  42. Caterpillar Form 10-K 2025 (about 118,000 full-time employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
  43. Stock Analysis: Caterpillar employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/cat/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  44. Dell Technologies Form 10-K, fiscal 2026 (approximately 97,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1571996/000157199626000008/dell-20260130.htm(opens in a new tab)
  45. Dell Inc. Form 10-K reports, fiscal 2001 to fiscal 2013 (SEC EDGAR, CIK 826083). www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000826083&type=10-K(opens in a new tab)
  46. Stock Analysis: Dell Technologies employees, 2016 to 2025. stockanalysis.com/stocks/dell/employees/(opens in a new tab)
  47. BMW Group report 2025 (154,540 people employed at the end of 2025). www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2025/management-report/index.html(opens in a new tab)
  48. ZF Friedrichshafen quick facts (some 153,000 employees, fiscal 2025). press.zf.com/press/en/quick_facts/quick_facts.html(opens in a new tab)
  49. Eurofound: Michelin announces profits and redundancies (Sep 1999). www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/resources/article/1999/michelin-announces-profits-and-redundancies(opens in a new tab)
  50. Flight Global: ailing Lockheed Martin cuts 2,800 jobs (Feb 2000). www.flightglobal.com/ailing-lockheed-martin-cuts-2800-jobs/30401.article(opens in a new tab)
  51. CNN Money: Xerox to cut 5,200 jobs (Mar 2000). money.cnn.com/2000/03/31/companies/xerox/(opens in a new tab)
  52. CNN Money: Lucent cuts 10,000 jobs (Jan 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/01/24/technology/lucent/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
  53. CNN Money: DaimlerChrysler to slash 26,000 jobs at Chrysler (Jan 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/01/29/europe/daimler/(opens in a new tab)
  54. Computing: Ericsson confirms 11,000 job cuts (Feb 2001). www.computing.co.uk/news/1861449/ericsson-confirms-job-cuts(opens in a new tab)
  55. News On 6: Goodyear to eliminate 7,200 jobs (Feb 2001). newson6.com/story/5e3683772f69d76f62098543/goodyear-to-eliminate-7200-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  56. CNN Money: Dell lays off 1,700 (Feb 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/02/15/technology/dell_jobs/(opens in a new tab)
  57. CNN Money: Intel to eliminate 5,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/08/technology/intel/(opens in a new tab)
  58. CNN Money: Compaq to cut 5,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/15/technology/compaq/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
  59. CNN Money: Motorola cuts another 4,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/23/companies/motorola/(opens in a new tab)
  60. Photonics: Nortel plans to cut 5,000 more jobs (Mar 2001). photonics.com/Articles/Nortel_Plans_to_Cut_5000_More_Jobs/a8711(opens in a new tab)
  61. CNN Money: Delphi to close or sell nine plants and cut 11,500 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/29/news/delphi/(opens in a new tab)
  62. Water Technology: ABB to cut 12,000 jobs (Jul 2001). www.watertechonline.com/wastewater/article/16208887/abb-to-cut-12000-jobs-after-difficult-quarter(opens in a new tab)
  63. CNN Money: Corning to lay off 1,000 more employees (Jul 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/07/09/technology/corning/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
  64. Eurofound: Opel Olympia programme, 2,500 jobs in Germany (Sep 2001). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/59369(opens in a new tab)
  65. CNN Money: Boeing to lay off 20,000 to 30,000 in its commercial jet unit (Sep 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/09/19/europe/boeing/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
  66. Electronics Online: Alcatel cuts 10,000 jobs globally (Nov 2001). www.electronicsonline.net.au/content/business/news/alcatel-cuts-1-jobs-globally-127402634(opens in a new tab)
  67. IndustriALL: Fiat to cut 6,000 jobs (Dec 2001). www.industriall-union.org/archive/imf/archive-imf-fiat-to-cut-6000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  68. Fox News: Ford to cut 35,000 jobs worldwide and close five plants (Jan 2002). foxnews.com/story/ford-to-cut-35000-jobs-worldwide-close-five-plants-in-massive-restructuring.amp(opens in a new tab)
  69. AccessWDUN: Delphi to pare 6,100 more jobs (Apr 2002). accesswdun.com/print/2002/4/195823(opens in a new tab)
  70. IndustryWeek: Hewlett-Packard cutting 10,000 jobs by November (2002). www.industryweek.com/archive/hewlett-packard-cutting-10000-jobs-november(opens in a new tab)
  71. Eurofound: Siemens ICN division job cuts (Aug 2002). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/59824(opens in a new tab)
  72. Cornell ILR: Lucent to cut 10,000 jobs (Oct 2002). catherwood.library.cornell.edu/wit/lucent-to-cut-10000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  73. Eurofound: Volkswagen ForMotion cost-cutting programme, 5,000 jobs (Feb 2004). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/60000(opens in a new tab)
  74. Eurofound: Opel to cut 10,000 jobs in Germany by 2008 (Oct 2004). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/60659(opens in a new tab)
  75. AM Online: DaimlerChrysler to cut 8,000 jobs at Mercedes (Sep 2005). www.am-online.com/news/2005/9/28/daimlerchrysler-to-cut-8-000-jobs-at-mercedes/9971(opens in a new tab)
  76. IndustryWeek: GM to close nine plants by 2008 and cut 30,000 jobs (Nov 2005). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21942676/gm-to-close-nine-plants-by-2008-cut-30000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  77. IndustryWeek: Ford to close 14 plants and cut 25,000 to 30,000 jobs (Jan 2006). www.industryweek.com/global-economy/ford-close-14-plants-cut-25000-30000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  78. News On 6: Volkswagen restructuring, up to 20,000 employees affected (Feb 2006). newson6.com/story/5e368bf82f69d76f620a31f9/white(opens in a new tab)
  79. Eurofound: Siemens Communications job cuts (Apr 2006). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/63431(opens in a new tab)
  80. IndustryWeek: Intel slashes 10,500 from its workforce worldwide (Sep 2006). www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/intel-slashes-10500-workforce-worldwide(opens in a new tab)
  81. Eurofound: Bosch Feuerbach plant, 1,250 jobs by end-2011 (Feb 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/64926(opens in a new tab)
  82. IndustryWeek: Chrysler unit to slash 13,000 jobs (Feb 2007). www.industryweek.com/global-economy/chrysler-unit-slash-13000-jobs-idle-plants(opens in a new tab)
  83. Eurofound: Airbus Power8 plan, up to 10,000 jobs (Feb 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/65030(opens in a new tab)
  84. Eurofound: Opel to cut 4,500 jobs across Europe (Apr 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/65227(opens in a new tab)
  85. Eurofound: Siemens to cut 16,750 jobs by 2010 (Jul 2008). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/66852(opens in a new tab)
  86. Workforce: Chrysler to cut 25% of salaried workers (Oct 2008). www.workforce.com/news/chrysler-to-cut-25-percent-of-salaried-workers-4300-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  87. CNN Money: Alcoa to cut 13,500 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/06/news/companies/alcoa/(opens in a new tab)
  88. IndustryWeek: Boeing to shed 4,500 jobs (Jan 2009). www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/boeing-shed-4500-jobs(opens in a new tab)
  89. Motorola Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, January 2009 (approximately 4,000 positions). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/68505/000095013709000352/c48878exv99w1.htm(opens in a new tab)
  90. CNN Money: Ericsson cutting 5,000 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/21/technology/ericsson_cuts/(opens in a new tab)
  91. Caterpillar Form 8-K exhibit, January 2009 (about 20,000 workers removed, by category). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823009000023/ex_99-7.htm(opens in a new tab)
  92. CNN Money: Caterpillar to cut 20,000 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/26/news/companies/caterpillar/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
  93. Corning Form 8-K, January 2009 (about 3,500 employees, 13%). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/24741/000002474109000003/q4088k.htm(opens in a new tab)
  94. Jabil Circuit Form 8-K, January 2009 (approximately 3,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/898293/000119312509013203/d8k.htm(opens in a new tab)
  95. CNN Money: GM cutting 10,000 salaried jobs worldwide (Feb 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/02/10/news/companies/gm_staffing/(opens in a new tab)
  96. Eurofound: Continental closes the Clairoix tyre plant, 1,120 jobs (Mar 2009). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/69088(opens in a new tab)
  97. IndustryWeek: United Technologies to slash 11,600 jobs globally (Mar 2009). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21935019/united-technologies-to-slash-11600-jobs-globally(opens in a new tab)
  98. IndustryWeek: Volvo Group to cut more than 1,500 jobs in Sweden (Apr 2009). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21935078/volvo-group-to-cut-more-than-1500-jobs-in-sweden(opens in a new tab)
  99. Eurofound: Opel and GM Europe restructuring, 8,369 jobs (Feb 2010). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/70158(opens in a new tab)
  100. Hewlett-Packard Form 8-K, May 2012 (approximately 27,000 employees, 8% of the workforce). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/47217/000004721712000018/q2form8-k_052012.htm(opens in a new tab)
  101. Eurofound: Nokia to cut 10,000 jobs globally (Jun 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/73760(opens in a new tab)
  102. Eurofound: PSA Peugeot Citroën to cut 8,000 jobs in France (Jul 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/73924(opens in a new tab)
  103. Eurofound: Ford closes the Genk plant in Belgium (Oct 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/74385(opens in a new tab)
  104. Eurofound: Ford to shut two UK plants, 1,400 jobs (Oct 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/74406(opens in a new tab)
  105. Eurofound: Siemens to cut 15,000 positions worldwide, 5,000 in Germany (Sep 2013). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/75965(opens in a new tab)
  106. Eurofound: Alcatel-Lucent Shift plan, 10,000 jobs by end-2015 (Oct 2013). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/76043(opens in a new tab)
  107. Lockheed Martin: facility consolidation and 4,000 job reductions (Nov 2013). news.lockheedmartin.com/2013-11-14-Lockheed-Martin-To-Consolidate-Facilities-Reduce-Costs(opens in a new tab)
  108. Eurofound: Siemens Vision 2020, up to 11,600 jobs (May 2014). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/77131(opens in a new tab)
  109. Eurofound: Opel closes the Bochum plant, 2,835 jobs (Oct 2014). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/77758(opens in a new tab)
  110. Caterpillar Form 8-K exhibit, September 2015 (4,000 to 5,000 by end-2016; more than 10,000 through 2018). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823015000301/exhibit991_september24.htm(opens in a new tab)
  111. Intel Form 8-K exhibit, April 2016 (up to 12,000 positions globally). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086316000122/pressreleaseq12016.htm(opens in a new tab)
  112. Eurofound: Nokia to cut 10,000 to 15,000 jobs after the Alcatel-Lucent purchase (Apr 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/87371(opens in a new tab)
  113. Eurofound: Ericsson restructuring, 2,770 employees after negotiations (Oct 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/88773(opens in a new tab)
  114. Eurofound: Volkswagen to cut 30,000 jobs worldwide by 2025 (Nov 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/89160(opens in a new tab)
  115. Eurofound: Siemens to cut 6,900 jobs worldwide, mostly power and gas (Nov 2017). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/92592(opens in a new tab)
  116. Eurofound: Thyssenkrupp to cut 6,000 positions worldwide (May 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/97720(opens in a new tab)
  117. Eurofound: Siemens to cut 2,700 jobs in its power and gas division (Jun 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/98203(opens in a new tab)
  118. DieselNet: Nissan to reduce at least 12,500 positions globally by March 2023 (Jul 2019). dieselnet.com/news/2019/07nissan.php(opens in a new tab)
  119. Nasdaq: Continental Strategy 2030 structural programme (Sep 2019). www.nasdaq.com/articles/continental-details-strategy-2030-transformation-2019-2029-structural-program-2019-09-25(opens in a new tab)
  120. Eurofound: Daimler to cut at least 10,000 jobs worldwide, updated to 15,000 (Nov 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/99295(opens in a new tab)
  121. This Day Live: Boeing to reduce staff by about 10% (Apr 2020). thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/05/01/boeing-to-reduce-staff-by-15(opens in a new tab)
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