F1GMAT Layoff Tracker
Manufacturing Layoffs 1999 to 2026: Autos, Aerospace, Industrials, Chips
Announced job cuts at the largest employers in the industry, period by period and year by year; what share of the workforce they removed; which roles, degrees and pay bands they touched; and whether business schools kept placing graduates there.
Workforce
Combined headcount of the tracked employers: 4,093,393
| Company | Latest headcount | As of |
|---|---|---|
| Volkswagen | 662,942 | 2025 |
| Bosch | 406,225 | 2026 |
| Siemens | 318,000 | FY2025 |
| Stellantis | 258,668 | 2025 |
| Boeing | 182,000 | 2025 |
| RTX | 180,000 | 2025 |
| Ford | 169,000 | 2025 |
| Apple | 166,000 | FY2025 |
| Airbus | 165,294 | 2025 |
| Lear | 164,300 | 2025 |
| Mercedes-Benz Group | 164,120 | 2025 |
| Saint-Gobain | 162,000 | 2025 |
| Schneider Electric | 159,844 | 2025 |
| Magna | 156,000 | 2025 |
| General Motors | 156,000 | 2025 |
| Flex | 150,000 | FY2026 |
| Jabil | 135,000 | FY2025 |
| Lockheed Martin | 123,000 | 2025 |
| Caterpillar | 118,000 | 2025 |
| Dell | 97,000 | FY2026 |
Period totals
Announced cuts at the ten hardest-hit companies in each period
| Period | Top-10 total | Per year | Largest |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999–2001 | 121,200 | 40,428 | Mercedes-Benz Group, 26,000 |
| 2002–2007 | 204,400 | 34,090 | Ford, 60,000 |
| 2008–2009 | 91,350 | 45,706 | Caterpillar, 19,500 |
| 2010–2018 | 161,444 | 17,945 | Siemens, 33,500 |
| 2019–Oct 2022 | 132,300 | 34,542 | Continental, 20,000 |
| Nov 2022–2023 | 48,450 | 41,634 | Nokia, 14,000 |
| 2024–present | 216,250 | 78,207 | Volkswagen, 100,000 |
1999–2001: top 10
- Mercedes-Benz Group: 26,000
- Boeing: 20,000
- ABB: 12,000
- Delphi: 11,500
- Ericsson: 11,000
- Lucent Technologies: 10,000
- Alcatel: 10,000
- Michelin: 7,500
- Goodyear: 7,200
- Stellantis: 6,000
2002–2007: top 10
- Ford: 60,000
- General Motors: 44,500
- Volkswagen: 25,000
- Mercedes-Benz Group: 21,000
- Hewlett-Packard: 15,000
- Intel: 10,500
- Airbus: 10,000
- Lucent Technologies: 10,000
- Delphi: 6,100
- Siemens: 2,300
2008–2009: top 10
- Caterpillar: 19,500
- Siemens: 16,750
- Alcoa: 13,500
- RTX: 11,600
- General Motors: 10,000
- Ericsson: 5,000
- Boeing: 4,500
- Motorola: 4,000
- Corning: 3,500
- Jabil: 3,000
2010–2018: top 10
- Siemens: 33,500
- Volkswagen: 30,000
- Hewlett-Packard: 27,000
- Nokia: 20,000
- Intel: 12,000
- General Motors: 11,204
- Alcatel-Lucent: 10,000
- Stellantis: 8,000
- Ford: 5,740
- Lockheed Martin: 4,000
2019–Oct 2022: top 10
- Continental: 20,000
- Boeing: 16,000
- Mercedes-Benz Group: 15,000
- Airbus: 15,000
- RTX: 15,000
- Nissan: 12,500
- Thyssenkrupp: 12,000
- Renault: 10,000
- Rolls-Royce: 9,000
- Siemens Energy: 7,800
Nov 2022–2023: top 10
- Nokia: 14,000
- Ericsson: 8,500
- 3M: 8,500
- Dell: 6,650
- HP: 4,000
- Ford: 3,800
- Bosch: 1,500
- Alstom: 1,500
2024–present: top 10
- Volkswagen: 100,000
- Bosch: 22,000
- Nissan: 20,000
- Boeing: 17,000
- ZF Friedrichshafen: 11,000
- Thyssenkrupp: 11,000
- Forvia: 10,000
- Porsche: 9,000
- Continental: 8,750
- Audi: 7,500
11 · Sources
References
Manufacturers headquartered in the US, Canada or Europe, in four segments: autos and auto parts, aerospace and defence, industrials and machinery, and computer hardware and semiconductors. Pharmaceutical and medical-device makers are in the healthcare tracker and are not repeated here.
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- Siemens annual financial reports, FY2017 to FY2024. assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:ae46683e-14dd-4455-a882-09d4184457c7/Annual-Financial-Report-FY2024.pdf(opens in a new tab)
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- Stellantis Form 20-F 2025 (258,668 employees at 31 Dec 2025; 2023 and 2024 figures). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1605484/000160548426000021/stellantis-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Stellantis employees, 2009 to 2022 (Fiat and FCA before 2021). stockanalysis.com/stocks/stla/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Boeing Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 182,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000162828026004357/ba-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Boeing employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/ba/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- RTX Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 180,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/101829/000010182926000006/rtx-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: RTX employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings (United Technologies before 2020). stockanalysis.com/stocks/rtx/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Ford Form 10-K 2025 (about 169,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/37996/000003799626000015/f-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Ford employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/f/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Apple Form 10-K, fiscal 2025 (approximately 166,000 full-time equivalent employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000032019325000079/aapl-20250927.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Apple employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/aapl/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Airbus full-year 2025 results (165,294 employees; 2024: 156,921). webdisclosure.com/press-release/airbus-group-nv-epa-air-eqs-adhoc-airbus-se-airbus-reports-full-year-fy-2025-results-KNJP9aiMITe(opens in a new tab)
- EADS and Airbus annual reports and registration documents, 2000 to 2021. www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2022-04/Airbus%20SE%20Universal%20Registration%20Document%202021.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Airbus employees for 2022 and 2023 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/EADSY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Lear Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 164,300 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/842162/000084216226000011/lear-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Lear employees, compiled from Form 10-K filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/lea/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Daimler and Mercedes-Benz Group annual reports, key figures tables, 1999 to 2024. ddd.uab.cat/record/146252(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Mercedes-Benz Group employees, 2021 to 2025 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/MBGYY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Saint-Gobain in figures (more than 162,000 employees). saint-gobain.com/en/finance/saint-gobain-figures(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Saint-Gobain employees, 2020 to 2024 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/CODYY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Schneider Electric employees, 2021 to 2025 (S&P Global Market Intelligence). stockanalysis.com/quote/otc/SBGSY/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Magna International annual information form, fiscal 2025 (approximately 156,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/749098/000119312526128771/d20215dex991.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Magna employees, 2002 to 2022, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/mga/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- General Motors Form 10-K 2025 (about 88,000 hourly and 68,000 salaried employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000146785826000013/gm-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: General Motors employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/gm/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: GM completes the Delphi spin-off (May 1999). money.cnn.com/1999/05/31/companies/gm/(opens in a new tab)
- Flex Form 10-K, fiscal 2026 (approximately 150,000 employees including contractors). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/866374/000086637426000012/flex-20260331.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Flex employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/flex/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Jabil Form 10-K, fiscal 2025 (135,000 employees including temporary and contingent staff). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/898293/000162828025045293/jbl-20250831.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Jabil employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/jbl/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Lockheed Martin Form 10-K 2025 (approximately 123,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/936468/000162828026004195/lmt-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Lockheed Martin employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/lmt/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Caterpillar Form 10-K 2025 (about 118,000 full-time employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823026000008/cat-20251231.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Caterpillar employees, compiled from filings. stockanalysis.com/stocks/cat/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- Dell Technologies Form 10-K, fiscal 2026 (approximately 97,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1571996/000157199626000008/dell-20260130.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Dell Inc. Form 10-K reports, fiscal 2001 to fiscal 2013 (SEC EDGAR, CIK 826083). www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000826083&type=10-K(opens in a new tab)
- Stock Analysis: Dell Technologies employees, 2016 to 2025. stockanalysis.com/stocks/dell/employees/(opens in a new tab)
- BMW Group report 2025 (154,540 people employed at the end of 2025). www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2025/management-report/index.html(opens in a new tab)
- ZF Friedrichshafen quick facts (some 153,000 employees, fiscal 2025). press.zf.com/press/en/quick_facts/quick_facts.html(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Michelin announces profits and redundancies (Sep 1999). www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/resources/article/1999/michelin-announces-profits-and-redundancies(opens in a new tab)
- Flight Global: ailing Lockheed Martin cuts 2,800 jobs (Feb 2000). www.flightglobal.com/ailing-lockheed-martin-cuts-2800-jobs/30401.article(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Xerox to cut 5,200 jobs (Mar 2000). money.cnn.com/2000/03/31/companies/xerox/(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Lucent cuts 10,000 jobs (Jan 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/01/24/technology/lucent/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: DaimlerChrysler to slash 26,000 jobs at Chrysler (Jan 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/01/29/europe/daimler/(opens in a new tab)
- Computing: Ericsson confirms 11,000 job cuts (Feb 2001). www.computing.co.uk/news/1861449/ericsson-confirms-job-cuts(opens in a new tab)
- News On 6: Goodyear to eliminate 7,200 jobs (Feb 2001). newson6.com/story/5e3683772f69d76f62098543/goodyear-to-eliminate-7200-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Dell lays off 1,700 (Feb 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/02/15/technology/dell_jobs/(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Intel to eliminate 5,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/08/technology/intel/(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Compaq to cut 5,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/15/technology/compaq/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Motorola cuts another 4,000 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/23/companies/motorola/(opens in a new tab)
- Photonics: Nortel plans to cut 5,000 more jobs (Mar 2001). photonics.com/Articles/Nortel_Plans_to_Cut_5000_More_Jobs/a8711(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Delphi to close or sell nine plants and cut 11,500 jobs (Mar 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/03/29/news/delphi/(opens in a new tab)
- Water Technology: ABB to cut 12,000 jobs (Jul 2001). www.watertechonline.com/wastewater/article/16208887/abb-to-cut-12000-jobs-after-difficult-quarter(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Corning to lay off 1,000 more employees (Jul 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/07/09/technology/corning/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Opel Olympia programme, 2,500 jobs in Germany (Sep 2001). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/59369(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Boeing to lay off 20,000 to 30,000 in its commercial jet unit (Sep 2001). money.cnn.com/2001/09/19/europe/boeing/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Electronics Online: Alcatel cuts 10,000 jobs globally (Nov 2001). www.electronicsonline.net.au/content/business/news/alcatel-cuts-1-jobs-globally-127402634(opens in a new tab)
- IndustriALL: Fiat to cut 6,000 jobs (Dec 2001). www.industriall-union.org/archive/imf/archive-imf-fiat-to-cut-6000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- Fox News: Ford to cut 35,000 jobs worldwide and close five plants (Jan 2002). foxnews.com/story/ford-to-cut-35000-jobs-worldwide-close-five-plants-in-massive-restructuring.amp(opens in a new tab)
- AccessWDUN: Delphi to pare 6,100 more jobs (Apr 2002). accesswdun.com/print/2002/4/195823(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Hewlett-Packard cutting 10,000 jobs by November (2002). www.industryweek.com/archive/hewlett-packard-cutting-10000-jobs-november(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens ICN division job cuts (Aug 2002). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/59824(opens in a new tab)
- Cornell ILR: Lucent to cut 10,000 jobs (Oct 2002). catherwood.library.cornell.edu/wit/lucent-to-cut-10000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Volkswagen ForMotion cost-cutting programme, 5,000 jobs (Feb 2004). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/60000(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Opel to cut 10,000 jobs in Germany by 2008 (Oct 2004). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/60659(opens in a new tab)
- AM Online: DaimlerChrysler to cut 8,000 jobs at Mercedes (Sep 2005). www.am-online.com/news/2005/9/28/daimlerchrysler-to-cut-8-000-jobs-at-mercedes/9971(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: GM to close nine plants by 2008 and cut 30,000 jobs (Nov 2005). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21942676/gm-to-close-nine-plants-by-2008-cut-30000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Ford to close 14 plants and cut 25,000 to 30,000 jobs (Jan 2006). www.industryweek.com/global-economy/ford-close-14-plants-cut-25000-30000-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- News On 6: Volkswagen restructuring, up to 20,000 employees affected (Feb 2006). newson6.com/story/5e368bf82f69d76f620a31f9/white(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens Communications job cuts (Apr 2006). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/63431(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Intel slashes 10,500 from its workforce worldwide (Sep 2006). www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/intel-slashes-10500-workforce-worldwide(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Bosch Feuerbach plant, 1,250 jobs by end-2011 (Feb 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/64926(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Chrysler unit to slash 13,000 jobs (Feb 2007). www.industryweek.com/global-economy/chrysler-unit-slash-13000-jobs-idle-plants(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Airbus Power8 plan, up to 10,000 jobs (Feb 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/65030(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Opel to cut 4,500 jobs across Europe (Apr 2007). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/65227(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens to cut 16,750 jobs by 2010 (Jul 2008). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/66852(opens in a new tab)
- Workforce: Chrysler to cut 25% of salaried workers (Oct 2008). www.workforce.com/news/chrysler-to-cut-25-percent-of-salaried-workers-4300-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Alcoa to cut 13,500 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/06/news/companies/alcoa/(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Boeing to shed 4,500 jobs (Jan 2009). www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/boeing-shed-4500-jobs(opens in a new tab)
- Motorola Form 8-K exhibit 99.1, January 2009 (approximately 4,000 positions). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/68505/000095013709000352/c48878exv99w1.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Ericsson cutting 5,000 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/21/technology/ericsson_cuts/(opens in a new tab)
- Caterpillar Form 8-K exhibit, January 2009 (about 20,000 workers removed, by category). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823009000023/ex_99-7.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: Caterpillar to cut 20,000 jobs (Jan 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/01/26/news/companies/caterpillar/index.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Corning Form 8-K, January 2009 (about 3,500 employees, 13%). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/24741/000002474109000003/q4088k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Jabil Circuit Form 8-K, January 2009 (approximately 3,000 employees). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/898293/000119312509013203/d8k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNN Money: GM cutting 10,000 salaried jobs worldwide (Feb 2009). money.cnn.com/2009/02/10/news/companies/gm_staffing/(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Continental closes the Clairoix tyre plant, 1,120 jobs (Mar 2009). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/69088(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: United Technologies to slash 11,600 jobs globally (Mar 2009). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21935019/united-technologies-to-slash-11600-jobs-globally(opens in a new tab)
- IndustryWeek: Volvo Group to cut more than 1,500 jobs in Sweden (Apr 2009). www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives/article/21935078/volvo-group-to-cut-more-than-1500-jobs-in-sweden(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Opel and GM Europe restructuring, 8,369 jobs (Feb 2010). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/70158(opens in a new tab)
- Hewlett-Packard Form 8-K, May 2012 (approximately 27,000 employees, 8% of the workforce). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/47217/000004721712000018/q2form8-k_052012.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Nokia to cut 10,000 jobs globally (Jun 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/73760(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: PSA Peugeot Citroën to cut 8,000 jobs in France (Jul 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/73924(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Ford closes the Genk plant in Belgium (Oct 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/74385(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Ford to shut two UK plants, 1,400 jobs (Oct 2012). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/74406(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens to cut 15,000 positions worldwide, 5,000 in Germany (Sep 2013). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/75965(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Alcatel-Lucent Shift plan, 10,000 jobs by end-2015 (Oct 2013). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/76043(opens in a new tab)
- Lockheed Martin: facility consolidation and 4,000 job reductions (Nov 2013). news.lockheedmartin.com/2013-11-14-Lockheed-Martin-To-Consolidate-Facilities-Reduce-Costs(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens Vision 2020, up to 11,600 jobs (May 2014). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/77131(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Opel closes the Bochum plant, 2,835 jobs (Oct 2014). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/77758(opens in a new tab)
- Caterpillar Form 8-K exhibit, September 2015 (4,000 to 5,000 by end-2016; more than 10,000 through 2018). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/18230/000001823015000301/exhibit991_september24.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Intel Form 8-K exhibit, April 2016 (up to 12,000 positions globally). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086316000122/pressreleaseq12016.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Nokia to cut 10,000 to 15,000 jobs after the Alcatel-Lucent purchase (Apr 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/87371(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Ericsson restructuring, 2,770 employees after negotiations (Oct 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/88773(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Volkswagen to cut 30,000 jobs worldwide by 2025 (Nov 2016). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/89160(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens to cut 6,900 jobs worldwide, mostly power and gas (Nov 2017). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/92592(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Thyssenkrupp to cut 6,000 positions worldwide (May 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/97720(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Siemens to cut 2,700 jobs in its power and gas division (Jun 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/98203(opens in a new tab)
- DieselNet: Nissan to reduce at least 12,500 positions globally by March 2023 (Jul 2019). dieselnet.com/news/2019/07nissan.php(opens in a new tab)
- Nasdaq: Continental Strategy 2030 structural programme (Sep 2019). www.nasdaq.com/articles/continental-details-strategy-2030-transformation-2019-2029-structural-program-2019-09-25(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Daimler to cut at least 10,000 jobs worldwide, updated to 15,000 (Nov 2019). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/99295(opens in a new tab)
- This Day Live: Boeing to reduce staff by about 10% (Apr 2020). thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/05/01/boeing-to-reduce-staff-by-15(opens in a new tab)
- Derbyshire Times: Rolls-Royce announces 9,000 job cuts (May 2020). www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/business/derbyshire-workers-face-uncertain-future-as-rolls-royce-announces-9000-job-cuts-2859216(opens in a new tab)
- Just Auto: unions criticise the Renault cost-reduction plan (May 2020). www.just-auto.com/news/unions-slam-renault-cost-reduction-plan(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Airbus to cut about 15,000 jobs worldwide (Jun 2020). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/106795(opens in a new tab)
- WAFF: Raytheon Technologies to cut 15,000 jobs (Sep 2020). www.waff.com/2020/09/18/raytheon-technologies-cut-jobs/(opens in a new tab)
- Turbomachinery International: Siemens Energy cutting 7,800 jobs from its Gas and Power unit. turbomachinerymag.com/view/siemens-energy-cutting-7800-jobs-from-gas-power-unit(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Thyssenkrupp to cut about 6,000 jobs in Germany (Nov 2020). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/102598(opens in a new tab)
- NokiaMob: Nokia plans to cut 5,000 to 10,000 jobs (Mar 2021). nokiamob.net/2021/03/16/nokia-plans-to-cut-up-to-10000-jobs-to-invest-in-future-capabilities/(opens in a new tab)
- Seagate Form 8-K, October 2022 (approximately 3,000 employees, 8% of the global workforce). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1137789/000113778922000116/stx-20221026.htm(opens in a new tab)
- HP Form 8-K exhibit, November 2022 (approximately 4,000 to 6,000 employees by the end of fiscal 2025). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/47217/000004721722000061/hp103122exhibit991q422.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Minnesota KSTP: 3M to cut another 6,000 jobs (Apr 2023). kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/3m-to-cut-another-6000-jobs-as-company-announces-restructuring-actions/(opens in a new tab)
- 3M Form 10-Q, first quarter 2023 (restructuring actions, approximately 8,500 positions worldwide). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/66740/000006674023000028/mmm-20230331.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Fortune: Dell to cut 6,650 staff (Feb 2023). fortune.com/2023/02/06/dell-job-cuts-6650-staff-axed-pc-demand-plunges(opens in a new tab)
- Dell Technologies Form 8-K, February 2023 (approximately 5% of the workforce). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1571996/000119312523024781/d459652d8k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- CNBC: Ericsson to cut 8,500 employees (Feb 2023). www.cnbc.com/2023/02/24/ericsson-layoffs-8500-employees-to-be-cut-from-workforce.html(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Ford to cut 3,800 jobs from its global workforce (Feb 2023). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/108486(opens in a new tab)
- Gulf News: Nokia to cut up to 14,000 jobs (Oct 2023). gulfnews.com/business/retail/nokia-to-cut-up-to-14000-jobs-after-sales-drop-20-1.98839744(opens in a new tab)
- Nokia Form 6-K, October 2023 (a 72,000 to 77,000 employee organization, by business group). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/924613/000110465923110022/tm2328769d2_6k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Alstom global restructuring, 1,500 jobs (Nov 2023). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/200538(opens in a new tab)
- People Matters: Bosch to cut about 1,500 jobs by 2025 (Dec 2023). sea.peoplemattersglobal.com/news/strategic-hr/bosch-announces-layoffs-anticipates-cutting-1500-jobs-by-2025-39740(opens in a new tab)
- Jabil Form 8-K, October 2023 (headcount reductions across the SG&A cost base; no count given). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/898293/000119312523249019/d331772d8k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Boise State Public Radio: Micron workforce reduction (Feb 2023, covering the Dec 2022 announcement). www.boisestatepublicradio.org/news/2023-02-16/layoffs-at-micron-roughly-double-total-workforce-reduction-now-15(opens in a new tab)
- New Mobility: Forvia to cut up to 10,000 positions in Europe (Feb 2024). newmobility.news/en/2024/02/20/french-german-automotive-supplier-forvia-to-cut-10000-jobs/(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Continental worldwide programme affecting 7,150 jobs (Feb 2024). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/200876(opens in a new tab)
- Data Center Dynamics: Cisco to lay off over 4,000 employees (Feb 2024). datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cisco-to-lay-off-over-4000-employees(opens in a new tab)
- Seeking Alpha: Tesla confirms layoffs of more than 10% of its global workforce (Apr 2024). seekingalpha.com/news/4089502-tesla-confirms-layoffs-of-more-than-10-of-its-global-workforce(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Magna Steyr, 500 job losses in Austria (Apr 2024). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/201090(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Lear to lay off 960 employees at Pikutkowo, Poland (Jun 2024). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/201351(opens in a new tab)
- Intel second-quarter 2024 earnings release (a more than 15% headcount reduction). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086324000122/q224_earningsrelease.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Tech Startups: Infineon cuts 1,400 jobs and relocates 1,400 more (Aug 2024). techstartups.com/2024/08/05/infineon-cuts-1400-jobs-amid-tech-layoffs/(opens in a new tab)
- Truck and Bus Builder: ZF to shed 11,000 to 14,000 jobs in Germany by 2028 (Aug 2024). truckandbusbuilder.com/article/2024/08/23/zf-to-shed-up-to-14000-jobs-in-germany-by-the-end-of-2028(opens in a new tab)
- Sveriges Radio: Northvolt layoffs in Skellefteå (Sep 2024). next-beta.sr.se/artikel/skelleftea-municipality-on-northvolt-lay-offs-we-aim-to-keep-everyone(opens in a new tab)
- Boeing CEO message to employees, 11 October 2024 (a reduction of roughly 10% of the total workforce). boeing.mediaroom.com/2024-10-11-Boeing-CEO-Message-to-Employees-on-Positioning-for-the-Future(opens in a new tab)
- Boeing Form 10-Q, quarter ended 30 September 2024 (the October 2024 announcement). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/12927/000001292724000082/ba-20240930.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Travel Extra: Airbus cutting 2,043 jobs in Defence and Space (Dec 2024). www.travelextra.ie/airbus-is-cutting-2043-jobs-in-defence-space-business/(opens in a new tab)
- Aerotime: Airbus Defence and Space, up to 2,500 job cuts (Oct 2024). www.aerotime.aero/articles/airbus-defence-space-2500-job-cuts-restructure(opens in a new tab)
- Journal Auto: Michelin announces the closure of two French plants (Nov 2024). journalauto.com/industrie/michelin-annonce-la-fermeture-de-deux-usines-en-france/(opens in a new tab)
- Club Alfa: Stellantis announces about 1,100 permanent layoffs at Toledo Assembly (Nov 2024). www.clubalfa.it/en/jeep-plant-in-ohio-1100-layoffs-announced-by-stellantis-12229(opens in a new tab)
- Eurometal: Ford to cut about 4,000 jobs in Europe through 2027 (Nov 2024). eurometal.net/ford-job-cuts-plan-causes-uproar-in-germany/(opens in a new tab)
- The Local Germany: Thyssenkrupp to cut 11,000 jobs in its steel division (Nov 2024). www.thelocal.de/20241125/germanys-thyssenkrupp-to-cut-11000-jobs-in-steel-division(opens in a new tab)
- Smart Industry: Siemens confirms 6,000 job cuts (Nov 2024, confirmed March 2025). www.smartindustry.com/industry-news/article/55275933/siemens-confirms-6000-job-cuts(opens in a new tab)
- Volkswagen: agreement reached, Volkswagen AG positions itself competitively for the future (Dec 2024). www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/agreement-reached-volkswagen-ag-positions-itself-competitively-for-the-future-18911(opens in a new tab)
- Volkswagen Group annual report 2024 (streamlining the workforce by more than 35,000 by 2030). uploads.vw-mms.de/system/production/documents/cws/002/931/file_en/953dcbb8e57270df70ca288218092dba4721fd63/2025-03-11-volkswagen-group-annual-report-2024-en.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- Audi investor relations webcast, full-year 2024 results (workforce reduction of up to 7,500 in the indirect areas by 2029). emea-dam.audi.com/adobe/assets/urn:aaid:aem:6ab562e7-862f-48a0-a6f6-05a3ecf6c2fc/original/as/investor-relations-webcast-online-fy-2024.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- Evertiq: STMicroelectronics to cut 5,000 jobs over three years (Jun 2025). evertiq.com/news/2025-06-06-stmicroelectronics-to-cut-5000-jobs-in-next-3-years(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: STMicroelectronics, 2,800 voluntary job cuts (Apr 2025). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/202674(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Nissan to cut about 20,000 jobs worldwide (May 2025). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/203190(opens in a new tab)
- Intel second-quarter 2025 earnings release (core workforce reduced by approximately 15%, to about 75,000). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086325000107/q225_earningsrelease.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Nampa: Ford to cut up to 1,000 jobs in Cologne (Sep 2025). www.nampa.org/text/22735837(opens in a new tab)
- Electrive: Bosch plans to cut another 13,000 jobs in its Mobility division (Sep 2025). www.electrive.com/2025/09/25/bosch-plans-to-cut-another-13000-jobs-in-its-mobility-division(opens in a new tab)
- WSB-TV: HP to cut up to 6,000 jobs in a push toward AI (Nov 2025). www.wsbtv.com/news/trending/hp-cut-up-6000-push-toward-ai/NPC3P3QXCBFELPWYMUPPQYLQFQ/(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Aumovio restructuring, up to 4,000 job cuts worldwide by end-2026 (Jan 2026). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/204082(opens in a new tab)
- Malay Mail: Volkswagen raises its job-cut target to 50,000 (Mar 2026). www.malaymail.com/news/money/2026/03/10/europes-biggest-carmaker-vw-raises-job-cut-target-to-50000-as-cost-crisis-deepens/212093(opens in a new tab)
- World Socialist Web Site: ContiTech to cut 1,600 of 7,700 German jobs (May 2026). www.wsws.org/en/articles/2026/05/16/752e-m16.html(opens in a new tab)
- Porsche: executive board and general works council agree a future package (Jul 2026). newsroom.porsche.com/en/2026/company/porsche-executive-board-general-works-council-future-package-42938.html(opens in a new tab)
- Porsche capital markets day, October 2026 (a socially responsible reduction of 9,000 jobs). newsroom.porsche.com/en/2026/company/porsche-capital-markets-day-strategy-sportwagenschmiede-35-43419.html(opens in a new tab)
- Eurofound: Porsche, up to 4,000 job cuts in Germany (Jul 2026). apps.eurofound.europa.eu/restructuring-events/detail/300713(opens in a new tab)
- eNCA: Volkswagen says it is cutting 100,000 jobs by the end of the decade (Sep 2026). www.enca.com/business/volkswagen-says-cutting-100000-jobs-end-decade(opens in a new tab)
- Volkswagen: supervisory board approves Future Plan 2030 (Sep 2026). www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/supervisory-board-approves-future-plan-2030-a-strong-signal-for-volkswagen-group-20662(opens in a new tab)
- Mercedes-Benz Group interim report, second quarter 2025 (Next Level Performance workforce adjustment programme). group.mercedes-benz.com/documents/investors/reports/interim-reports/q2/mercedes-benz-interim-report-q2-2025.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- BLS OEWS May 2023, NAICS 336400 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing. www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/naics4_336400.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS OEWS May 2019, NAICS 336400 Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing. www.bls.gov/oes/2019/may/naics4_336400.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS OEWS May 2023, NAICS 336100 Motor Vehicle Manufacturing. www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/naics4_336100.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS OEWS May 2023, NAICS 334400 Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing. www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/naics4_334400.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: aerospace engineers, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/aerospace-engineers.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: industrial engineers, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/industrial-engineers.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: mechanical engineers, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: software developers, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/software-developers.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: top executives, including general and operations managers (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/management/top-executives.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: human resources specialists, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/human-resources-specialists.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: logisticians, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/logisticians.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: management analysts, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/management-analysts.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: customer service representatives, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/office-and-administrative-support/customer-service-representatives.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: assemblers and fabricators, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/production/assemblers-and-fabricators.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: machinists and tool and die makers, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/production/machinists-and-tool-and-die-makers.htm(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives, pay (May 2025). www.bls.gov/ooh/sales/wholesale-and-manufacturing-sales-representatives.htm(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: aerospace engineers, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/aerospace-engineers(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: industrial engineers including health and safety, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/industrial-engineers-including-health-safety(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: mechanical engineers, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/mechanical-engineers(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: general and operations managers, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/general-operations-managers(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: software developers, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/software-developers(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: human resources workers, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/human-resources-workers(opens in a new tab)
- Data USA: wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives, most common majors (ACS 2024). datausa.io/profile/soc/sales-representatives-wholesale-manufacturing(opens in a new tab)
- Wharton MBA career report archive, 2015 to 2025. statistics.mbacareers.wharton.upenn.edu/career-report-archive/(opens in a new tab)
- Wharton MBA career statistics, industry choices. statistics.mbacareers.wharton.upenn.edu/full-time/industry-choices/(opens in a new tab)
- MIT Sloan MBA employment reports, classes of 2015 to 2025. cdo.mit.edu/employment-reports/(opens in a new tab)
- Chicago Booth employment reports by industry, full-time 2021 to 2025. www.chicagobooth.edu/employmentreport/industry(opens in a new tab)
- Columbia Business School employment reports, 2015 to 2025. business.columbia.edu/recruiters/employment-report(opens in a new tab)
- Michigan Ross full-time MBA employment data, class of 2025. michiganross.umich.edu/graduate/full-time-mba/careers/employment-data(opens in a new tab)
- Duke Fuqua daytime MBA employment report 2025. www.fuqua.duke.edu/sites/default/files/media/programs/daytime/duke-mba-employment-2025.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- Kellogg career outcomes, class of 2025. www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/programs/full-time-mba/career-services/career-outcomes/(opens in a new tab)
- BLS Current Population Survey, table 18b: employed people by detailed industry and age, 2025 annual averages. www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat18b.htm(opens in a new tab)
- UAW–General Motors pension plan, exhibit A to the 2023 agreement. uaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2023-UAW-GM-Pension-Plan-Exhibit-A.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- UAW–General Motors 2023 agreement, hourly highlighter (special attrition programmes). actionnetwork.org/user_files/user_files/000/099/154/original/HourlyHighlighter_GM_combined_11_3.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- UAW: GM special attrition programme take-up, December 2024. uaw.org/gm2023/(opens in a new tab)
- UAW–Ford 2023 agreement, hourly highlighter (special retirement incentive). uaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/HourlyHighlighter-Ford_FINAL.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- UAW–Stellantis 2023 agreement, hourly highlighter (incentive plan for retirement). uaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Stellantis_HourlyHighlighter.pdf(opens in a new tab)
- General Motors Form 8-K, March 2023 (voluntary separation programme). www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312523065457/d366924d8k.htm(opens in a new tab)
- § 35 SGB VI: Regelaltersrente, statutory retirement at 67. dejure.org/gesetze/SGB_VI/35.html(opens in a new tab)
- § 36 SGB VI: pension for long-insured workers, drawn early from 63 with 35 years. dejure.org/gesetze/SGB_VI/36.html(opens in a new tab)
- § 38 SGB VI: pension for particularly long-insured workers, 65 with 45 years. www.sozialgesetzbuch-sgb.de/sgbvi/38.html(opens in a new tab)